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Verbs Meaning “To Know”

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I. Theory

In German, as well as many other European languages, we find more than one verb used to convey the state of knowing. In German, the distinction is made between knowing a fact and knowing about something or being familiar with it.

II. Wissen

In most situations, wissen is used mainly to convey “to know”, and as a noun, das Wissen actually translates directly to “knowledge.” This verb is used anytime the speaker is referring to knowing facts. For this reason, it can either start a subordinate clause or take a direct object.

- Gibt es einen Park in der Nähe?
- Ich weiß nicht.
- Is there a park nearby?
- I don’t know.


Weißt du, wie man „hallo“ auf Französisch sagt?
Do you know how to say “hello” in French?

*Ich weiß, dass Berlin die Hauptstadt Deutschlands ist.
I know that Berlin is the capital of Germany.

*Here, we see wissen triggering a subordinate clause.

**Er sollte es besser wissen.
He should know better.

** Here, we see wissen taking a direct object.

Wissen is an irregular verb in the present and in the past:
ich weiß wir wissen
du weißt ihr wisst
er/sie/es weiß sie/Sie wissen

Perfekt: haben gewusst
Präteritum: wusste(n)

III. Kennen

In certain situations, kennen translates to “know” in English. However, it generally conveys the meaning of “to be familiar with” most of the time. For this reason, it always takes a direct object and never triggers a subordinate clause.

Kennst du dieses Lied?
Do you know this song?

Da ich die Stadt nicht gut kenne, kann ich mein Hotel nicht finden.
Because I don’t know the city well, I can’t find my hotel.

Wir haben von ihm gehört, aber wir kennen ihn nicht persönlich.
We have heard of him but we do not know him personally.

Kennen is an irregular verb in the past tense only:
ich kenne wir kennen
du kennst ihr kennt
er/sie/es kennt sie/Sie kennen

Perfekt: haben gekannt
Präteritum: kannte(n)

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