I. Stem-Changing Verbs
There are numerous verbs in German that do not follow the regular conjugation pattern. Some of these verbs have a vowel shift in their present tense forms. This vowel shift affects the
second and third person singular forms (ich, du, er/sie/es, wir, ihr, sie/Sie). The main three shifts are as follows:
e to i (geben)
| ich | gebe | wir | geben |
| du | gibst | ihr | gebt |
| er/sie/es | gibt | sie/Sie | geben |
Common verbs with this change include: essen, helfen,
sterben, nehmen, vergessen, and sprechen.
e to ie (sehen)
