I. Indirect Objects
Nouns that act as the indirect object in German sentences are in the dative case. Not surprisingly, when the indirect object is replaced with a pronoun, the pronoun is also in the dative. For the most part, these pronouns change to dative from their accusative and nominative forms. In English, we distinguish between direct and indirect objects by using prepositions. While this is also done in German, it is also common to find the meaning of prepositions like “for” and “to” included in the dative pronoun itself.
II. Es ist mir (dir, ihm, etc.)
As you can see in the examples below, a common way to describe one’s current situation or feeling is the expression “es ist mir …” or simply “mir…”. Use “es ist mir” + a noun or an adjective to express how something is to you, or for you. For instance, “Es ist mir peinlich” literally translates to “it is to me embarrassing”, but in English we would say “it’s embarrassing for me.”
